The capacitance of a classical conductor is determined solely by its geometry. When charged, the electrons distribute in space in a manner that minimizes their electrostatic energy. Quantum mechanics ...

Variable current will generate inductance, capacitance, and their related properties of inductive and capacitive reactance. Although there's no energy loss that directly results from these properties, ...

Optical stimulation has enabled important advances in the study of brain function and other biological processes, and holds promise for medical applications ranging from hearing restoration to cardiac ...