A statistical test that allows one to determine whether observed quantities of a specific characteristic differed from the expected value purely by chance.

Sufficient replication within subpopulations is required to make the Pearson and deviance goodness-of-fit tests valid ... is distributed as chi-square when there is no replication in any of the ...

The chi-square test is a statistical hypothesis test that is used to compare observed and expected counts in a contingency table. Its uses include: tests for independence, tests for homogeneity, and ...