DNA doesn’t just sit still inside our cells — it folds, loops, and rearranges in ways that shape how genes behave.

While the central dogma of molecular biology outlines the linear flow of genetic information from DNA to RNA to proteins (black lines), glycomics introduces a “3rd code of life”—glycans—that operates ...

The artificial cell nucleus (right) constructed using the purified DNA was morphologically very similar to the natural cell nucleus derived from an egg (left). A team led by Professor Kazuo Yamagata ...