Figure 4. A snapshot, in time, of two complex numbers whose exponents, and thus their phase angles, change with time. The notion of negative frequency is often troubling to engineers who've spent so ...

There are several ways to evaluate the bandwidth of a signal in the time domain and frequency domain. Previously we looked at the classic relationship of rise time (t r) and bandwidth (f 3db) [Ref 1], ...

Modern oscilloscopes capture, view, measure, and analyze complex RF signals in the time, frequency, and modulation domains. Time-domain analysis, the original oscilloscope function, allows users to ...