“Leveled reading,” a pedagogical theory that promotes teaching students using books they can already read, is popular in K–12 education. Empirical evidence, however, demonstrates that leveled reading ...

Once your child reaches elementary school, you’ll notice that your child’s reading level gets periodically tested. Maybe you remember this from when you were a kid, too. The question is: What does ...

(The Conversation is an independent and nonprofit source of news, analysis and commentary from academic experts.) Timothy E Shanahan, University of Illinois Chicago (THE CONVERSATION) After decades of ...

Psychologists love to measure things, and perhaps nothing has been measured as much by psychologists as reading—both texts and readers. Multiple different instruments measuring text readability have ...

Every year, early elementary teachers welcome students with a wide range of reading abilities into their classrooms. Some kindergarteners may be reading whole books, for example, while others don’t ...

Corrected: An earlier version of this story misstated the size of the math performance gap compared with 2019 levels. The gap ranges from 1 to 14 percentage points, depending on grade level. Reading ...

Timothy E Shanahan does not work for, consult, own shares in or receive funding from any company or organization that would benefit from this article, and has disclosed no relevant affiliations beyond ...