A cotton swab is dipped into concentrated hydrochloric acid (producing hydrogen chloride gas) while a second on is dipped into concentrated aqueous ammonia (producing ammonia gas). Both cotton swabs ...

When writing chemical equations for reversible reactions, the usual one-way arrow is not used. Instead, two arrows are used, each with just half an arrowhead (⇌). The top one points right, and the ...

For AQA GCSE Chemistry, the specific details of how ammonia is made using the Haber process need to be known, as well as an ability to apply the principles on this page to an unfamiliar new ...

Chemical reactions occur because bonds between atoms are either broken or formed. When atoms or molecules come together, they form new substances called compounds. These compounds can then undergo ...