The speed at which life appeared on Earth intrigues scientists. A new study suggests this phenomenon could be common in the universe. David Kipping, an astronomer at Columbia University, analyzed ...

This important study combines optogenetic manipulations and wide-field imaging to show that the retrosplenial cortex controls behavioral responses to whisker deflection in a context-dependent manner.

Process chemistry involves the development and optimization of production processes for chemical compounds, and the scaling up of laboratory reactions, particularly in the pharmaceutical sector. The ...

Machine learning is the ability of a machine to improve its performance based on previous results. Machine learning methods enable computers to learn without being explicitly programmed and have ...

Investopedia contributors come from a range of backgrounds, and over 25 years there have been thousands of expert writers and editors who have contributed. Eric's career includes extensive work in ...

Adam Hayes, Ph.D., CFA, is a financial writer with 15+ years Wall Street experience as a derivatives trader. Besides his extensive derivative trading expertise, Adam is an expert in economics and ...