Post-modern portfolio theory uses downside risk to refine portfolio optimization. Learn how PMPT offers an alternative to modern portfolio theory for risk-adjusted returns.

Buoyancy corrections can become important when the density of the object being weighed is very different from the density of the masses employed for the calibration function. For example, this is true ...

We fully decrypted SearchGuard, the anti-bot system protecting Google Search. Here's exactly how Google tells humans and bots apart.

Background Annually, 4% of the global population undergoes non-cardiac surgery, with 30% of those patients having at least ...

Identify budget overages and savings to forecast future costs more accurately. Use variance analysis to pinpoint operational areas needing financial adjustment. Regularly update budgets based on ...

Endotoxin testing is a vital component of pharmaceutical, biologic, and medical device quality control, with a direct impact on medication safety. As detection technologies have advanced, the ...

Variance is a useful analytical tool when it comes to measuring data, and helps you to calculate the range of numbers in a set of data. This is handy for a multitude of reasons, from calculating ...

Although there are many measures of variability for qualitative variables, they are little used in social research, nor are they included in statistical software. The aim of this article is to present ...