Time feels like the most basic feature of reality. Seconds tick, days pass and everything from planetary motion to human memory seems to unfold along a single, irreversible direction. We are born and ...

There is no measurement that can directly observe the wave function of a quantum mechanical system, but the wave function is still enormously useful as its (complex) square represents the probability ...

Governments use spending and taxing powers to promote stable and sustainable growth Fiscal policy is the use of government spending and taxation to influence the economy. Governments typically use ...

Laboratoire de Chimie, UMR 5182 CNRS, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, 46 Allée d’Italie, 69364 Lyon Cedex 07, France, Key Laboratory of Frontiers in Theoretical Physics, Institute of Theoretical ...

Find out why the fundamental building blocks of engineering in 2026 are mathematics and physics. Examine their fundamental ...

Cosmologists are quietly confronting a possibility that would have sounded absurd a generation ago: the standard picture of a smooth, empty vacuum may be wrong unless space itself behaves like a ...

Abstract: Application of linear electric machine has been increased in recent due to automation of the manufacturing industry, fast transport systems and various defence applications. These machines ...

Nearly 200 years ago, the physicists Claude-Louis Navier and George Gabriel Stokes put the finishing touches on a set of equations that describe how fluids swirl. And for nearly 200 years, the ...