FDMA, TDMA, CDMA, OFDMA, and SDMA: Key Differences and …
Jan 22, 2013 · A good example is the widely used T1 transmission system, which has been used for years in the telecom industry. T1 lines carry up to 24 individual voice telephone calls on a single line (Fig. 2 ...
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Understanding Modern Digital Modulation Techniques
Jul 14, 2021 · These techniques are used in many modern communication systems, such as cellular phones, Wi-Fi, and Bluetooth. Common digital modulation techniques include amplitude-shift keying (ASK), frequency ...
What’s the Difference Between PNP and NPN? - Electronic Design
Oct 28, 2022 · 2. A PNP transistor has a layer of N-doped semiconductor between two layers of P-doped material. 3. An NPN transistor has a layer of P-doped semiconductor between two N-doped layers. The junctions ...
Impedance Matching Basics: Smith Charts - Electronic Design
Jun 28, 2021 · Plot the load impedance on the Smith chart using the normalized value. Then divide the resistance and reactive values by 50 Ω: Once you plot that value, draw the SWR circle through the impedance ...
Back to Basics: Impedance Matching (Part 1) - Electronic Design
Oct 24, 2011 · Here, the 36-Ω impedance of a λ/4 vertical ground-plane antenna is matched to a 75-Ω transmitter output impedance with a 52-Ω coax cable. It’s calculated as: ZQ = √(75)(36) = √2700 = 52 ...
What’s The Difference Between Watts And Volt-Amperes?
May 2, 2012 · W and VA are both units of measurement for power, but that’s where the similarity ends. Watts do work or generate heat, while volt-amperes simply provide you with information you need to size ...
DC-DC Converter Design Basics (Part 3): Buck-Boost Converters
Oct 4, 2023 · A buck-boost converter is a type of switched-mode power supply that combines the principles of the buck converter and the boost converter in a single circuit. However, in many applications, such ...
Fundamentals Of Crystal Oscillator Design
Sep 7, 2012 · Fundamentals Of Crystal Oscillator Design. Sept. 7, 2012. Primary design considerations for fundamental-mode oscillators using AT-cut crystals include load capacitance, negative resistance ...
Understanding EMI Filters: The Bare Essentials
Jul 19, 2021 · EMI is simply noise interference caused by external electromagnetic waves. EMI can lead to the performance degradation of any electrical equipment design within range by inducing unwanted currents ...